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The 251st Rifle Division was raised in 1941, within days of the German invasion, as a standard Red Army rifle division, and served for the duration of the Great Patriotic War in that role. Its men escaped encirclement in October and returned to Soviet lines in good enough shape to avoid disbandment. In the following two and a half years the division slogged through the difficult and costly battles around Rzhev and Smolensk before distinguishing itself by assisting in the liberation of the city of Vitebsk in June, 1944. == Formation == The division began organizing on June 26, 1941 at Kolomna in the Moscow Military District. It was one of a series of rifle divisions numbered in the 240 - 260 range that were built on cadres taken from the NKVD. Its order of battle was as follows: * 919th Rifle Regiment * 923rd Rifle Regiment * 927th Rifle Regiment * 789th Artillery Regiment * 419th Sapper Battalion * 331st Reconnaissance Company〔Jack Radey and Charles Sharp, ''The Defense of Moscow 1941 - The Northern Flank'', Pen & Sword Books Ltd., Barnsley, UK, 2012, p 222〕 Col. Vladimir Filippovich Stenin was named divisional commander, and the division was assigned to 30th Army of Western Front by July 13, less than three weeks after beginning to be formed. On its arrival at the front the unit did not make a favorable impression on the Army commander, Mjr. Gen. V.A. Khomenko, who reported on Aug. 5: ... the division is without equipment... no formed ()chemical company... artillery didn't arrive until early August on three trains... 400 NKVD cadre, lots of Party members and Komsomols, but so few and weak horses that the artillery regiment had to move in relays... very little combat power.〔Charles C. Sharp, ''"Red Tide", Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. IX'', Nafziger, 1996, p 46〕 30th Army had tried to remedy these faults by assigning a battalion of 21 tanks from the 110th Tank Division to the 251st, but by the date of the above report only one of these tanks remained, and the division had also lost 3,898 officers and men killed, wounded or missing; the 919th and 923rd Rifle Regiments were down to just 247 and 379 men, respectively, due to the heavy fighting around Smolensk.〔Sharp, p 46〕 Beginning on Aug. 25 Western Front began a series of counterattacks known as the Dukhovshchina Offensive against the overstretched forces of German Army Group Center. Along with the rest of its Army, the 251st drove against elements of German Ninth Army, in particular 35th Infantry Division, in and near the village of Gorodno, and while making some minor gains and inflicting losses on the invaders, these attacks were very costly and were shut down by Sept. 10 along the whole front.〔David M. Glantz, ''Barbarossa Derailed, Vol. 2'', Helion and Company, Solihull, UK, 2012, pp 162 - 300〕 On Oct. 2 the Germans launched their Operation Typhoon in an attempt to drive for Moscow. 30th Army was north of the main German effort, but in spite of this three of its divisions, the 251st, the 162nd and the 242nd Rifles, found themselves encircled south of Rzhev by Oct. 12. Ninth Army could only cordon off the pocket with small detachments, due to being once again overstretched. After holding out for 15 days, the three divisions staged a successful breakout to the north on Oct. 27, and reached the lines of 29th Army before the end of the month, covering some 75 km and causing damage and confusion in the German rear. While the other two divisions were disbanded for replacements, the 251st was not, although at the end of the year its strength was no more than 2,000 men. It was rebuilt over the following months.〔Radey and Sharp, p 163〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「251st Rifle Division (Soviet Union)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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